In the early 12th century, likely during the reign of King Henry I (1100–1135), Pickering Castle underwent significant transformation. The wooden structures were replaced by stone fortifications, a trend common across England as timber castles were deemed vulnerable to fire and decay.

Stone Curtain Walls and Gatehouse

The original wooden palisade was replaced by thick stone curtain walls encircling the bailey. These walls provided enhanced defense against attackers and were complemented by a gatehouse controlling access to the castle.

The stone curtain wall at Pickering is remarkable for its irregular polygonal shape, adapting to the natural contours of the site. This unique layout provided overlapping fields of fire and strong defensive positions.

The Stone Keep

Unlike some Norman castles, Pickering did not build a massive central stone keep on the motte. Instead, the focus was on robust curtain walls and towers surrounding the bailey. The wooden keep on the motte likely remained for some time before being dismantled.

Role in Medieval Defense and Administration

Pickering Castle was not merely a military fortress but also an administrative center for the surrounding region, known historically as the wapentake of Pickering Lythe. The castle’s lord held court here, overseeing justice, tax collection, and local governance. shutdown123